Fixed Network
The convergence of Internet and telephone as well as TV (VoIP and IP-TV) will edge out the fundamental objective of pure voice transmission.
The complexity of networks is increasing continuously and so are the requirements for the assemblies used. Copper networks offering high bandwidths are being increasingly replaced with fiber networks (FTTx).
The high-quality connection technologies and protection concepts especially form the basis for the successful establishment and operation of such convergent networks.

Application examples of the surge protection concepts for landlines
- Application example of an ISDN interface U<sub>k0</sub> & S<sub>0</sub>
- Application example of an ISDN interface U<sub>k2M</sub> & S<sub>2M</sub>
- Surge protection on xDSL


